Studies
Original open-data research
Real numbers about the trading-card market, computed from open, attributed data, never scraped, never invented. Free to read, and free to cite with a link.
Cross-game
8+
One method, every game: the big-picture pillars.
Cross-game · The big picture
The Chase Multiple: which TCG is the biggest lottery?
We measured ~337k cards across 29 games with one metric: how many times the typical card the top 1% chase is worth. It runs from Riftbound's 3,646× down to Force of Will's 35×, and the five most top-heavy games all launched since 2022.
Read the study →Cross-game · Power creep
Power creep in trading cards, measured five ways
Is power creep real? We measured it 5 ways across the 3 biggest games. Every dimension inflated, from 1.3x (Magic's creature bodies) to 5.7x (Yu-Gi-Oh's card text), and each game crept in a different currency. A capstone tying together the five printed-stat studies.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
The Price Census: what all those cards are actually worth
The companion to the Chase Multiple, pointed at the floor: we priced 337,175 cards across 29 games and counted where every price falls. 63% trade under $1, 82% under $5, and just 1.8% clear $100. The median trading card is worth $0.45.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
The Promo Premium: the handout beats the pack pull
We split 311,355 card prices into promo sets vs main sets across 26 games. The typical promo out-prices the typical set card in all 26 of 26, a median premium of ~8×, from 1.7× (Future Card Buddyfight) to 128× (Lorcana). Scarcity by participation beats scarcity by rarity slot.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
How many trading cards are there?
The evergreen question, answered with a stated basis: the big three hold 67,100 distinct designs (Magic 32,319, Pokémon EN 20,359, Yu-Gi-Oh 14,422); Magic's designs exist as 95,907 printings; and the marketplace carries 399,406 card listings across 29 games. Designs vs printings vs listings: the distinction IS the answer.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
The Foil Premium: what the exact same card costs in shiny
60,005 cards priced in BOTH normal and foil (the same card, two finishes) across 11 games. The typical shine costs ~2.7×, from 1.5× (Future Card Buddyfight) to 26× (Union Arena, where foil IS the chase). The twist: in Magic 9.4% of foils are CHEAPER than the plain card.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
Set Bloat: the print firehose, counted
No prices, just counting: 42,065 new card listings shipped in 2025 across 200 sets in 28 games (4.8× the output of 2015) and H1 2026 (44,461) already beats all of 2025. Two bloat modes: Pokémon sets got 2.1× bigger, Magic ships 5× more sets.
Read the study →Cross-game · The big picture
Is value concentration a law of trading cards?
We measured 18 recent sets across Magic, Pokémon and Yu-Gi-Oh. In every game the top 10 cards hold 49-79% of a set's value and 67-91% of cards trade under €1, only the degree differs.
Read the study →Pokémon
17+
The Pokémon TCG, measured.
Pokémon · Scarcity economics
The Retired Mechanic Index: what Pokémon's discontinued card types are worth
Pokémon has retired at least 6 special card mechanics. A Gold Star medians €838, a Radiant just €0.61 (a 1,374× spread), but the order isn't chronological. Scarcity plus age, not novelty, sets the price; 67% of Radiants sell under €1.
Read the study →Pokémon · Scarcity economics
The Gold Star Premium: what Pokémon's rarest EX-era chase is worth
The Gold Star was the ultra-rare chase of the Pokémon EX era. Across all 25 with a Cardmarket price, a Gold Star medians €838, about 28× an ordinary holo from the same sets (€30); Rayquaza Gold Star tops the list at €3,519. There are no cheap ones, the floor is €428.
Read the study →Pokémon · Set economics
The Secret Rare Creep: the set above the set
In 2000, Team Rocket hid ONE card above its printed total (Dark Raichu 83/82). The median 2025 expansion hides 27.7% of its cards there, Paldean Fates 62.9%, and 2025 alone shipped 407 above-the-number cards, more than 1999-2010 combined. All 129 main sets counted; no prices, just the numbering.
Read the study →Pokémon · Game design
Pokémon HP Inflation: power creep, measured
HP is printed on the card, so power creep is measurable: across 17,184 Pokémon, the median Basic went 50 → ~80 HP, the ceiling climbed 120 → 380 (Chansey to Mega Venusaur ex), and 200+ HP cards went from nonexistent to ~1 in 5 of everything printed. The floor crept; the top exploded.
Read the study →Pokémon · Reverse holo economics
The Reverse Holo Premium: are reverse holos worth more?
Same card, two finishes. Across 1,794 Pokémon cards, a reverse holo sells for a median 2.6× the regular, but it's all in the cheap cards: Common 4×, Rare just 1×. A reverse-holo bulk common (Lairon) can run 138× the normal.
Read the study →Pokémon · Alt-art economics
The Character-Card Myth: are Trainer alt-arts really the chase?
A popular belief says character (Trainer) alt-arts are the real money cards. At the Special Illustration Rare tier the data disagrees: Pokémon SIRs median €31 vs €14 for Trainer SIRs, about 2.3× higher; only 20% of Trainer SIRs beat the Pokémon median.
Read the study →Pokémon · Nostalgia economics
The Kanto Tax: how much is Pokémon nostalgia worth?
Same rarity, different generation. Across 534 modern Illustration Rares by National Dex generation, a Gen 1 (Kanto, the original 151) card trades at a €35 median, about 4.4× the later-generation median (€7.95). Nostalgia is a measurable price factor.
Read the study →Pokémon · Alt-art economics
The Alt-Art Premium: how much more is a Special Illustration Rare?
Same ex, two printings. Across 88 modern Pokémon exes with both a plain Double Rare and a Special Illustration Rare, the alt art sells for a median 33× the plain version (97% are 5×+). The plain ex is near-bulk (€0.71); the alt art is the whole card.
Read the study →Pokémon · Vintage economics
The First Edition Tax: how much more do 1st Edition Pokémon cards cost?
The same card, 1st Edition vs Unlimited. Across 151 matched WOTC-era pairs, a 1st Edition card sells for a median 2.31× the identical Unlimited card, and 24% command 3× or more. Shining Tyranitar's 1st Ed runs about 6.34×.
Read the study →Pokémon · Power creep
The One-Hit-KO Era: how hard do Pokémon cards hit now?
We measured the printed attack damage of 17,184 Pokémon. The hardest attack went from 100 (the 1999 Base Set Charizard) to 330 (a modern Charizard ex), 3.3x, and 200+ one-hit-KO attacks went from 0% of new Pokémon to 8.4%. The offense half of the HP inflation study.
Read the study →Pokémon · Type economics
The Pokémon Type Tax: does a card's type change its price?
Same rarity, different price. Across 571 modern Illustration Rares, Dragon-type cards trade at a €26 median, about 4.58x the cheapest type (Metal, €5.65). A card's type is a hidden price factor, independent of rarity.
Read the study →Pokémon · The ranking
The Eeveelution Index: which is worth the most?
Eight evolutions, same rarity tiers, so which Eeveelution actually holds value? We took the median price of every printing of all eight. Umbreon runs away with it (€62 typical), about 2.8× the next (Espeon) and 10.9× the cheapest (Leafeon).
Read the study →Pokémon · The ranking
The most valuable Pokémon to collect, ranked
Everyone assumes Charizard is king. We took the median price of every printing of 21 iconic Pokémon, and Charizard is only #3. Umbreon (€62 typical) and Mew (€57) both out-trade it, card-for-card.
Read the study →Pokémon · Brand premium
The Charizard Tax
Charizard, Blastoise and Venusaur are the same-era Kanto starters, yet the typical Charizard (€36) trades at 1.7× a Blastoise and 2.9× a Pikachu. We took the median price of every printing; the premium is pure brand.
Read the study →Pokémon · Sealed
Is it worth opening a booster box?
We ran 7 recent sets through Foilio's EV engine. The median box holds ~€81 in singles (€69 after fees), below box retail, so opening is usually a loss. You're paying for the chase.
Read the study →Pokémon · Set economics
Where a Pokémon set's value really hides
We summed the trend price of every card in 8 sets. The top 5 cards hold an average of 49% of a set's entire value, while 13-77% of every set trades under €1.
Read the study →Pokémon · Rarity economics
What each Pokémon rarity is really worth
Median trend price by rarity tier across 6 modern sets. A typical Special Illustration Rare is €24.25, and SIRs out-value the gold "secret" Hyper Rares in all 6 of 6 sets.
Read the study →Magic
22+
Magic: The Gathering, measured.
Magic · Rarity economics
The Mythic Premium: is Magic's rarest slot worth chasing?
Across 2,034 mythics and 6,991 rares from modern Magic sets, a mythic medians $2.84, about 6× the $0.47 rare median. But 29% of mythics are bulk, and among regular non-foil printings the priciest card is a RARE (Giant Growth, $662). Rarity is a pack slot, not a value tier.
Read the study →Magic · Deckbuilding economics
The Land Tax: your Magic manabase can cost more than your deck
In Magic the priciest cards are often the lands. A fetchland medians $23, a shockland $9.33, and a premium 10-fetch + 10-shock manabase runs ~$331 (a playset ~$1,323) before a single spell. But the land cost ladder spans ~58×: swap fetchlands for pain lands ($0.40) and the same base costs a few dollars.
Read the study →Magic · Set economics
The Modern Horizons Tax: even the rares aren't bulk
Magic players say Modern Horizons sets are expensive; the data agrees. An MH rare is a median 2.7× a normal-set rare ($0.94 vs $0.35), MH has half the bulk (43% under $1 vs 68%), and the priciest cards are RARES (Esper Sentinel $57) that out-price every mythic.
Read the study →Magic · Treatment economics
The Extended Art Premium: Magic's most common alt-treatment is its most modest
Extended art is everywhere in modern Magic, so does it cost more? Across 115 matched cards the median premium is just 1.4×, even smaller than borderless (1.8×). Same rule though: on a bulk commander it's the whole value (Breena 56×), on a fetchland like Scalding Tarn it's near-parity (0.99×).
Read the study →Magic · Treatment economics
Does Magic's borderless frame cost more? It depends entirely on the card
We matched 113 Magic cards that come in both a borderless and a normal frame. The median premium is only 1.8×, but it's bimodal: for a near-bulk card the borderless is the whole value (Fynn the Fangbearer 313×), while for an expensive chase it trades at a discount (The One Ring 0.8×). 10% are worth LESS than normal.
Read the study →Magic · Game design
What does 2 mana buy? Creature power creep, measured
Printed stats across every new-design Magic creature, 1993-2025: the typical 2-drop was WORSE than Grizzly Bears for two decades (median 3 total stats), the curve repriced once in the mid-2010s, and Watchwolf-class 2-drops went from 6.7% of designs to 11.4%. Power creep is real, but it's a step, not a slope.
Read the study →Magic · Game design
The Most Banned Year in Magic is still 1993
All 184 cards currently power-banned in a major format, mapped to their debut years: 1993 leads by count (21) and rate (5.7%); 2019's FIRE era is the modern spike (18); 2008 and 2015 printed nothing banned today, and Vintage bans zero cards for power. Same founding-year pattern as Yu-Gi-Oh.
Read the study →Magic · Set economics
The Reprint Ratio: how much of Magic is actually new?
Counted from the full printing record: 16,322 new designs shipped in 2015-2025, more than Magic's first two decades combined (14,467). The reprint share has cycled since 1993 but hasn't dipped below 53% since 2015, and every new design now ships in ~2 versions on day one.
Read the study →Magic · Universes Beyond
The Universes Beyond Tax: do Magic's crossover cards cost more?
Do the LOTR, Final Fantasy and Marvel crossovers cost more than normal Magic? At mythic, yes: UB mythics median $4.37 vs $2.00 for normal-set mythics, about 2.2×. By franchise it runs from Jurassic World (~$12) down to LOTR/Warhammer (~$1.4): brand pulls, but the print run sets the price.
Read the study →Magic · Foil economics
The Foil Tax: how much more is a foil Magic card, and is it worth it?
Are foils worth it? Across 1,228 Magic cards with both prices, the median foil premium is just 1.6×, but it collapsed by era: a pre-2004 foil is a median 8.5× its non-foil, a 2020+ foil just 1.4×. As foils became standard, the premium evaporated.
Read the study →Magic · Commander economics
The Commander Staple Paradox: Magic's most-played cards are its cheapest
Everyone says Commander is expensive. Across 3,955 Commander-legal cards ranked by play rate, the 100 most-played have a median price of just $2.86, only 2.4× a fringe card, because staples get reprinted into the ground.
Read the study →Magic · Colour economics
Which Magic color is the most expensive? The answer is no color.
We took the median price of 2,708 modern rares and mythics by colour. Colorless artifacts lead ($1.68), Multicolor is cheapest ($0.49), a 3.4x gap. The fewer colours a card has, the more it costs.
Read the study →Magic · Mana economics
The mana-efficiency tax: do cheap Magic cards cost more?
We took the median price of 2,706 modern rares and mythics by mana value. 1-mana cards trade at a $2.60 median, about 4.2x a 3-mana card ($0.62). The cheaper a card is to cast, the more it costs to buy.
Read the study →Magic · Rules complexity
The Complexity Creep: are Magic cards wordier than they used to be?
We measured the rules text of 30,007 new-design Magic cards. The median grew from 14 words to 37 (about 2.6x). Commons are the exception: New World Order cut them 33% before they crept back to an all-time high of 28.
Read the study →Magic · US vs EU prices
US vs EU card prices: do the two markets ever agree?
We compared the US (TCGplayer) and EU (Cardmarket) price of 6,850 Magic cards at the live exchange rate. They disagree by a median 27%, only 10% agree within 5%, and the typical card is 13% cheaper in Europe. There is no single price.
Read the study →Magic · Market value
What it costs to complete a Magic set (as singles)
We summed the price of one of every card in 31 modern Magic sets. The median set costs about $260 to complete as singles ($127 to $418), and a median 55.4% of that lives in just the top 10 chase cards.
Read the study →Magic · Rules complexity
Keyword Soup: how many keyword abilities a Magic creature carries
We counted the keyword abilities on 17,398 new-design Magic creatures. The mean went from 0.57 in the vanilla decade to 1.11 in the 2020s, and the share stacking 2+ keywords on one body went 11.6% to 29.5%. The record: Odric, Blood-Cursed with 10.
Read the study →Magic · Market value
The Precon Part-Out Index: which Commander decks are worth the most as singles?
We priced 6,549 cards across 92 recent Magic Commander precons. Every one of the 80 standard $44.99 decks parts out above its sticker; the median is $97.94 (~2.2x MSRP) and Goblin Storm tops out at $734.86. The catch: a median deck keeps 29% of its value in just 3 cards.
Read the study →Magic · Reprints
The Reprint Cliff: does reprinting tank a card's price?
We compared 34 of Magic's most-reprinted staples, each card's original printing vs its cheapest reprint today. The median is 70% cheaper at the floor, and 10 have shed 90%+: Sol Ring runs $870 (Beta) down to $1.17. The chase is the original printing; the reprint is pocket change.
Read the study →Magic · The ranking
The Planeswalker Index: which is worth the most?
Planeswalkers are Magic's faces, but which holds value? Median price of every printing of 12 icons: Ugin tops it ($15 typical). The twist, Jace owns the priciest card ($300) yet ranks only #9 by typical value.
Read the study →Magic · Secret Lair
The Secret Lair Tax
The same Magic card can cost a fortune or pocket change. Across 11 iconic cards the limited-run Secret Lair printing trades at a median 12.8× the standard copy, a Secret Lair Jace is $300 vs $23 for a normal one. Identical rules; you're paying for the art.
Read the study →Magic · Reserved List
The MTG Reserved List, by the numbers
The 567 Magic cards that can never be reprinted are famous for being expensive, yet 58% trade under €5 and only 19 clear €500. Value hides in a handful of icons.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh
6+
The Yu-Gi-Oh TCG, measured.
Yu-Gi-Oh · Game design
The Ban Rate: today's banlist, by birth year
We mapped all 221 cards on the current TCG banlist to their release years: 2003 (the Chaos-format year) still leads after two decades (22 cards, 4% of everything it printed, 5× the modern rate); 2005 is the safest with 1. Pot of Greed has been Forbidden since the TCG's first set. And 98.5% of the game is perfectly legal.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh · Set economics
The Archetype Explosion: 632 and counting
Counted across 13,992 dated cards: Yu-Gi-Oh has 632 named archetypes, adds ~40 a year since 2020 (53 in 2022, one a week), and ~75% of new cards belong to one, vs 11.6% at the TCG's launch. The archetype became the product.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh · Rules complexity
The Wall of Text: are Yu-Gi-Oh cards really that wordy?
We measured the printed text of 13,992 Yu-Gi-Oh cards. The median grew from 15 words (2002) to 85 (5.7x), far steeper than Magic. Vanilla monsters went from 60% of new monsters to under 1%; the wordiest card runs 188 words.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh · Rarity economics
The Rarity Premium Index: does a rarer printing cost more?
Same card, fancier printing, how much more? Measuring 493 cards against their own common print, a typical Super Rare runs 1.85×, a Secret Rare 3.8×, a Prismatic Secret 5.72×, and the rarest tiers climb far higher. Rarity moves price even when the card is identical.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh · The ranking
The Ace Monster Index: which protagonist's ace wins?
From Yugi's Dark Magician to Yusaku's Decode Talker, we ranked every Yu-Gi-Oh protagonist's signature ace by median printing price. Kaiba's Blue-Eyes runs away with it ($45), the original trio holds the entire top three, and every later ace trades under $9.
Read the study →Yu-Gi-Oh · Brand premium
Blue-Eyes vs Dark Magician: which ace wins?
Yugi's the hero, but his ace isn't the prize. Median price of every printing: Kaiba's Blue-Eyes White Dragon ($45) out-trades Yugi's Dark Magician by 4.3× and Joey's Red-Eyes by 4.6×. The rival beats the hero.
Read the study →Every other game
27+
Lorcana, One Piece, Star Wars Unlimited, Weiss Schwarz and the rest of the 29.
Open data · The whole hobby
Which trading card games have open prices? We audited every game
Of 29 games and 399,406 listings, only 3 (Magic, Pokemon, Yu-Gi-Oh) have a free, open API that publishes prices in a reusable form. For the other 26, about 90%, the price picture comes from one marketplace's dataset. Which sources are genuinely open, and why it matters.
Read the study →World of Warcraft TCG · Market shape
In the WoW card game the value was never in the game, it was in the loot codes
The WoW TCG's 2,252 gameplay cards median just $0.33 and top at $67. But 18 "Loot" cards (codes that unlocked mounts and pets in the video game) hold the entire top of the market, led by the Spectral Tiger loot card listing ~$9,000. The median loot card is ~34× a gameplay card.
Read the study →CookieRun Braverse · Rarity economics
CookieRun Braverse: the chase is the Cookie, and Pure Vanilla tops it at $350
Devsisters' 2024 TCG for the top-grossing CookieRun mobile franchise. Across 698 singles it's a clean high-bulk game (median $0.20, 68% under $1) whose value tracks the characters: fan-favorite Cookies as full-art Extra Rares and promos carry the top, led by Pure Vanilla Cookie (EXR) at ~$350.
Read the study →Future Card Buddyfight · Rarity economics
Future Card Buddyfight: the rarity ladder of Bushiroad's retired dragon game
Bushiroad's "Buddy monster" TCG (2014-2021, discontinued) is a flattish mid-tier market. Across 2,717 singles in 96 sets the median is $0.66, 59% under $1, and the top-1% card is only ~61× the typical. Value climbs a Bushiroad ladder to RRR "Leader" dragons around $150.
Read the study →Final Fantasy TCG · Rarity economics
The Final Fantasy TCG: rarity barely predicts value, the treatment does
Across 5,208 FF TCG singles the rarity ladder is nearly flat, and the top of the market cuts across it by TREATMENT: the #1 card is a "Hero" (Yuna Signature $1,168), and a signed "Rare" ($568) outsells almost every Legend. Median $0.22, 74% under $1.
Read the study →hololive OCG · Rarity economics
The hololive card game: every chase is a VTuber, and the SECs clear $1,000
In the hololive OFFICIAL CARD GAME the chase is the VTuber. Across 1,619 singles the floor is high (median $1.27, only 47% under $1), and every top-10 card is a Secret Rare full-art of a fan-favorite VTuber. The SEC tier medians ~$1,000, topping at $2,364 (Hakos Baelz).
Read the study →Cardfight Vanguard · Rarity economics
Cardfight Vanguard has 70+ rarities, here's what the apex is worth
Cardfight Vanguard has 70+ distinct rarity codes. Across 21,632 singles it's mostly bulk (median $0.47, 64% under $1), with value in a thin apex of SEC/SECV/ASR/15thSP tiers ($100 to $310 median), topping at $850 (Dragheart, Luard ASR).
Read the study →UniVersus · Crossover economics
UniVersus is a crossover TCG with one shared rarity ladder, and Godzilla is king
UniVersus drops 12+ licensed franchises (Godzilla, My Hero, Attack on Titan, Critical Role) into one rarity system. Across 5,278 singles the printed rarity barely matters: the serial-numbered Chrome Rare tier medians $302 (~735× the typical card), and Godzilla owns the top at $750 (King Ghidorah).
Read the study →Godzilla Card Game · Rarity economics
Bandai's Godzilla card game: the parallels stack, and so does the price
In Bandai's Godzilla Card Game the printed rarity stays cheap (Secret Rare medians $3.31). All the money is in the stacking parallels: SP $20 → PP $64 → SSP $197 → SSSP ~$2,449, and the very top is always Godzilla himself (a $2,499 SSSP ++ parallel). Across 813 singles, 55% under $1.
Read the study →Elestrals · Rarity economics
Elestrals has 4 rarities and is a cheap game, except for 8 serial-numbered cards
The indie monster-catching TCG Elestrals keeps it simple: four rarities, and across 1,943 singles the median card is $0.34 with 71% under $1. The entire top of the market is 8 Serialized Super Rares: they median $200 vs $2.99 for a plain SR (~67×). The serial number is the tax.
Read the study →Force of Will · Market shape
Force of Will has 6,451 cards across 100 sets, and nothing tops $115
Force of Will (the "Ruler" TCG) is the flattest card market we've measured. Across 6,451 singles in 100 sets the 99th-percentile card is only ~38× the median (vs 124× for Sorcery, 3,646× for Riftbound), and the single most valuable card in the whole game tops at ~$110. Even Uber Rares median ~$10. The anti-lottery TCG.
Read the study →MetaZoo · Market shape
MetaZoo was one of 2021's most hyped TCGs. Here's what the cards are worth now
MetaZoo (the cryptozoology TCG: Mothman, Bigfoot, Piasa Bird) rode a huge 2021 frenzy; this measures the aftermath. Across 1,431 singles in 42 sets, 81% now trade under $1, the median is $0.25, and the whole game tops at ~$75 (a Gold Piasa Bird). A clean look at a post-hype price curve.
Read the study →Dragon Ball Fusion World · Rarity economics
Dragon Ball Fusion World: the chase is the alt-art, not the rarity
Bandai's new Dragon Ball game. The printed ladder tops at Secret Rare (median $95), but the real chase is the "Super Alternate Art" parallels: the Secret Rare ceiling is $1,786 (a Gogeta:BR alt-art). Median card $0.51, 58% under $1.
Read the study →Dragon Ball Super CCG · Rarity economics
Dragon Ball Super CCG has 27 rarities, but 8 'God Rare' cards hold the money
The Dragon Ball Super Card Game has 27 rarity tiers, yet almost all value sits in one tier of 8 cards. Median card $0.35, 70% under $1, but the God Rares median $1,500 (up to $2,067), about 4,286× the typical card.
Read the study →Shadowverse Evolve · Rarity economics
Shadowverse Evolve: 'Legendary' isn't the top rarity, it's the middle
In Shadowverse Evolve rarity cleanly predicts price, but the top gameplay rarity "Legendary" is only the middle: it medians $2.06, while the cosmetic alt-art tiers above it explode, Ultimate $50, Special $171, Super Special $242 (top $804). A Super Special is ~117× a Legendary.
Read the study →Japanese Pokémon · Market economics
Japanese Pokémon: almost no bulk (and a 'Common' worth $1,800)
We priced 19,605 Japanese Pokémon singles. Only 41% trade under $1 (most games: 60-90%), median $1.69, Japanese Pokémon barely has bulk. The modern chase is Special Art Rare (~$26), but the priciest card is a promo filed under "Common" (a Pikachu 227/S-P at ~$1,799).
Read the study →Union Arena · Rarity economics
The Union Arena Star Tax: what each star adds to a Super Rare
Union Arena prints Super Rares in a star ladder. Across 5,758 singles, each star roughly multiplies value 11×: a base Super Rare is $1.39, a 3-Star SR $575, about 413× the base, up to $2,038 (Sung Jinwoo).
Read the study →Digimon Card Game · Rarity economics
The Digimon Rarity Ladder: where the $1,900 cards hide
Across 8,487 Digimon singles the game is mostly bulk (median $0.44, 62% under $1). "Special Rare" (SP full-arts) is the highest typical tier ($121), but the textured "Rare Pull" Secret Rares top the game, a WarGreymon (Rare Pull) at $1,913.
Read the study →Weiss Schwarz · Crossover economics
The most valuable Weiss Schwarz cards (and which franchises rule)
Weiss Schwarz is a crossover game, every set a licensed series. Across 20,487 singles the market is mostly bulk (median $0.44, 65% under $1), with value in hot-stamped SSP/SEC+ chases. The priciest single is a Frieren SSP at $1,553; Frieren, Nikke and The Eminence in Shadow lead.
Read the study →Sorcery: Contested Realm · Rarity economics
Sorcery has almost no bulk (and a $24 Unique chase)
Sorcery is the anti-bulk TCG. Across 2,902 cards only 37% trade under $1 (most games: 67-91% under €1), and even an "Ordinary" is a median $0.73. The "Unique" tier is the chase at $24, about 20× the typical card.
Read the study →Grand Archive · Rarity economics
The Grand Archive Collector Cliff: where all the value hides
Grand Archive's rarity ladder rises gently, then falls off a cliff. Across 3,641 cards the median climbs $0.20 (Common) to $8.73 (Ultra Rare), then the Collector Super Rare leaps to $302, about 35× the Ultra Rare, with 94% clearing $100.
Read the study →Gundam Card Game · Rarity economics
The Gundam Parallel Premium: the alt-art cards are the money
In the Gundam Card Game the rarity symbol misleads: even a base Legend Rare is a median $1.92, while the "parallel" +/++ alt-arts carry all the value. A parallel Common out-values a Legend Rare (~4×), and the double-parallel LR++ is a median $774, about 403× the base Legend Rare.
Read the study →Riftbound (LoL TCG) · Rarity economics
Riftbound rarity, ranked: why the Showcase is the chase
Riot's League of Legends TCG, brand new. Across 1,139 cards median price runs $0.08 (Common) to $1.92 (Epic), but the alt-art Showcase tier is the real chase at $29, about 15× an Epic and 137× the typical card. Champion Signatures clear $2,500.
Read the study →Flesh & Blood · Foil economics
The Flesh and Blood Foil Tax: how much more is a Cold Foil?
FaB prints cards non-foil, Rainbow Foil and Cold Foil. Across 3,955 matched cards the common Rainbow Foil is a median 2× the non-foil, but the rare Cold Foil is a median 8.3× (42% are 10×+), about 4.1× the Rainbow premium. The Cold Foil is the chase.
Read the study →One Piece · Rarity economics
The One Piece Rarity Ladder: what each card rarity is worth
Across 2,174 One Piece cards in 14 sets, median price runs $0.06 (Common) to $31 (Secret Rare), about 207× the typical card. But it isn't a clean ladder: the Leader ($9.34) out-values the Super Rare ($6.66).
Read the study →Disney Lorcana · Alt-art economics
The Enchanted Premium: are Lorcana's Enchanted cards worth it?
Same card, two versions. Across 201 Disney Lorcana Enchanted cards matched to their standard printing, the Enchanted sells for a median 66× the standard foil of the same card (100% are 5×+). The typical Enchanted is $102; the standard copy is bulk ($0.35).
Read the study →Star Wars Unlimited · Rarity economics
Does rarity predict price in Star Wars Unlimited? Not really.
We took every leader's priciest printing across all 5 sets. Common leaders trade at a median $79, 1.16× HIGHER than Rare leaders' $69, and the single priciest leader in the game, Boba Fett, is a Common.
Read the study →Working on something that needs original card-market data? These studies are free to cite, a link back to foilio.net is all we ask. It is part of why we believe card prices should be open.